Neural networks and Deep Learning, the words when witnessed, fascinate the viewers, both complement each other as they fall under the umbrella of Artificial Intelligence. This article is concentred on the discussion of the above-mentioned trending and thriving technologies.
You will gain some basic knowledge for commencing your learning about Neural networks and Deep Learning. It’ll be also very helpful if you are looking to make a career in the field of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.
Contents
What is Neural Network?
Basically, A Neural Network is a chain or series of algorithms that aims to recognize the relationships in a set of known data provided to us through a process that mimics the way the human brain operates and analyzes. Neural networks can adapt themselves to changing input thus the network generated is of the best possible result. This mechanism redesigns the output criteria. The technology is hastily gaining popularity in the area of trading systems, medical operations, artificial intelligence, signal processing, pattern recognition, etc.
It can be thought of as a clustering layer on top of the data one store and manage. Neural networks can also extract and show features that are fed to other algorithms for clustering and classification; so that one can consider deep neural networks as parts of larger machine-learning applications involving algorithms for reinforcement learning, classification, and regression.
The most important feature of the neural network is that they are adaptive which means they can change or adapt themselves as they learn from continuous training and each loop of training provide more information about the world.
Types of Neural Network Architectures:
Neural networks, also commonly verbalized as the Artificial Neural network have varieties of deep learning algorithms.
The types of neural networks also depend a lot on how one teaches a machine learning model i.e. whether you are teaching them by telling them something first or they are learning a set of patterns. Some of the types are mentioned below.
1. Feed-forward neural network
This is the most basic and common type of architecture used in practical applications of the neural network. The first layer is the input layer and the last layer is the output layer and in between, we have some hidden layers. If the hidden layer is more than one then that network is called a deep neural network. In this, the activities of the neurons (mathematical function) in each layer are a non-linear function of the activities in the layer below.
2. Recurrent Networks
A much more powerful and complex than the feed-forward network, this type of network consists of directed cycles in their connection graph which means one can sometimes land up at the same place where he started off by following the arrows which can make it very difficult to train the machine learning model. They are most biologically realistic.
3. Symmetrically connected network
This is somewhat similar to the above-discussed network but, the connections between the units are symmetrical i.e. they have the same weight in both directions. If there is an asymmetric node then, that kind of pattern is much easier to analyze and learn.
4. Convolutional neural network
These are one of the most popular types used, particularly in the field of image recognition. This specific type of neural network algorithm has been used in many of the most advanced applications of AI including facial recognition, text digitization, and natural language processing.
What is Deep Learning?
Actually, Deep learning is the name that one uses for ‘stacked neural networks’ which means networks composed of several layers. It is a subfield of machine learning focused on algorithms inspired by the structure and function of the brain called artificial neural networks and that is why both terms are co-related.
If you are a beginner in the field of deep learning or have little experience with neural networks then you may be confused so as everyone at the beginning but trust me this is one of those topics that will indulge you to think deeper in the field of computation.
Also, read: Difference between AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning
Deep learning is capable of solving almost any problem related to machine understanding, including classifying data, clustering them, or making predictions about them.
- Classification: This means classifying or categorizing the type of data gathered for example; an image represents a dog; this email looks like spam; this action is true.
- Clustering: These also sounds somewhat like classification for example; this document is probably what user X is looking for
- Predictions: To tell about something in advance for example; given their weblog activity, Customer ‘ABC’ seems like they will purchase this product.
In the above diagram, the layers are made of nodes. Here, the node acts as a placeholder where all computation happens and data gets stored. A node adds input from the data with a set of coefficients, or weights, that either increases or reduces that input, thus assigning significance to inputs for the task the algorithm is trying to learn. Here, one thing is most important to keep in mind i.e
“What kind of problems does deep learning solve, and can it solve the problem we are looking for?“
- What outcomes did we care about? Those outcomes are called labels and that could be applied to data: for example; true or false in GATE Applications, Rose or not_Rose in case of flower detection, healthy_patient or unhealthy_patient inpatient checkup process.
- Do we have the data to accompany those labels? That is, can I find labeled data or unlabelled data or can I create a labeled dataset, where Rose has been labeled as Rose, in order to teach an algorithm the correlation between labels and inputs?
Eclipse Deeplearning4j is one of the commercially used libraries in deep learning which is distributed in nature and written for Java and Scala.
DL4J brings AI to business environments for use on distributed GPUs and CPUs. Deeplearning4j was originally written by Skymind in 2014 and in 2017 it joined the Eclipse Foundation for open-source software.
Data Used for Deep Learning
As everything is dependent on selecting the right data so that you can apply deep learning to various machine learning models, it mostly depends on the problem you’re trying to solve.
Deep learning can be applied to any data type. The data types you work with, the data you gather, or any data you think of for the machine learning model to learn. Some of the data one can use are mentioned below.
- Sound (Voice Recognition)
- Text (Classifying Reviews)
- Images (Computer Vision)
- Time Series (Sensor Data, Web Activity)
- Video (Motion Detection)
Important Features of Deep Learning
- Deep learning is a large neural network
- Deep learning is hierarchal feature learning
- It is scalable across various domains
- The deep basically stands for large artificial neural network
Conclusion
The world is shifting towards that era where artificial intelligence will be dominating the human race. The seeds have been bowed to make the future become realities. As we will become advance and accumulate more knowledge about different techniques of training for the machine learning model, the intelligence of the machines will grow, so that all the tasks and jobs that are under human supervision now will no longer need to supervise.
